John McCain essays

John McCain papers Congressperson John McCain, a Republican from Arizona, has had a long and recognized vocation in both the military and in governmental issues. A United States Naval Pilot and Captain who got the Silver Star, Bronze Star, Legion of Merit, and Purple Heart, McCain then moved onto the House of Representatives and Senate (Biographical Data for John S. McCain). In April of 1999, McCain reported his office for President, expressing his crucial reestablish uprightness into the workplace, change government, and recharge the American dream(The John McCain Story). Representative McCain's foundation is great GOP conservatism...a solid guard, less government guideline, charge decreases, neighborhood oversight of education...(The Issue: Senator John McCain ). McCain has tried to satisfy his fantasy by making a site gave to his battle, giving various talks, running numerous TV advertisements and showing up on different TV programs. A fundamental piece of his crusade has been to come to the less so lid, harder to pull in youth vote. America's childhood today is disenthralled with the political framework. 66% of youthful Americans don't cast a ballot, basically in light of the fact that they don't feel applicants are tending to issues essential to them (Cox, Finklestein). As per a Youth Survey led by Project Vote Smart, voters matured 18-24 think acts of mass violence and children with weapons, wrongdoing and brutality, destitution and joblessness, degenerate government and unlawful medication deals are the five most significant issues confronting America today (General Population). In the interim, up-and-comers invest most of energy examining issues, for example, Social Security, expenses and premature birth, which are not of as much worry to youthful voters. John McCain has effectively searched out 18-multi year olds, the gathering all in all known as Age Y. The Arizona Senator contacted youthful voters with a message of individual genuineness and government change, drawing enormous groups on school grounds in New Hamp... <!

Joseph Urban, From Palm Beach to New York City

Joseph Urban, From Palm Beach to New York City Prepared as a draftsman, Joseph Urban might be most popular today for his detailed performance center plans. In 1912 he moved to the United States from Austria to make sets for the Boston Opera Company. By 1917, as a naturalized US resident, he had moved his considerations to New York and the Metropolitan Opera. Urban proceeded to become grand creator for the Ziegfeld Follies. The lavish showiness of his picturesque plans made Urban an ideal fit to make a portion of the rich design in Palm Beach, Florida before Americas Great Depression. Conceived: May 26, 1872, Vienna, Austria Kicked the bucket: July 10, 1933, New York City Complete Name: Carl Maria Georg Joseph Urban Instruction: 1892: Akademie der bildenden Kã ¼nste (Academy of Fine Arts), Vienna Chosen Projects: 1904: Austrian Pavilion, St. Louis Worlds Fair (got Gold Medal)1904-1914: Set plans all through Europe1911-1914: Boston Opera Company, set designs1917-1933: Metropolitan Opera of New York, set designs1926: Bath and Tennis Club, Palm Beach, Florida1927: Mar-A-Lago, Palm Beach, Florida, with Marion Sims Wyeth (1889-1982)1927: Paramount Theater, Palm Beach, Florida1927: Ziegfeld Theater, New York City (crushed in 1966)1928: Bedell Department Store, 19 West 34th Street, New York City1928: International Magazine Building (Hearst Building), New York City, with George B. Post after 78 years, in 2006, Norman Fosters Tower was based on top (see photo)1930: New School for Social Research, New York City Workmanship and Architecture Together: Joseph Urban structured insides like a draftsman, consolidating high rise like difficulties and Classical Greek segments into showy picturesque plans. For Urban, workmanship and design were two pencils with one point. This all out masterpiece is called Gesamtkunstwerk, and its since a long time ago been a working way of thinking all through focal Europe. In the eighteenth Century, Bavarian plaster ace Dominikus Zimmermann made Wieskirche as a complete gem; German modeler Walter Gropius consolidated the Arts with Crafts in his Bauhaus School educational program; and Joseph Urban turned theater engineering back to front. Early Influences: Otto WagnerAdolf Loos Making Connections: On-screen character Marion Davies was a Ziegfeld young lady while Urban, as well, chipped away at sets for Florenz Ziegfeld. Davies additionally was the fancy woman of the ground-breaking distributer, William Randolph Hearst. Its been generally announced that Davies acquainted Hearst with Urban, who at that point planned the great International Magazine Building. For what reason is Urban Important? Urbans significance lay in his for all intents and purposes remarkable utilization of shading, first experience with American venue of a considerable lot of the methods and standards of the New Stagecraft, and his structural reasonableness when most stage fashioners originated from a foundation or preparing in visual workmanship.- Professor Arnold Aronson, Columbia University A portion of his structures, similar to the New School for Social Research on West twelfth Street in Manhattan, are adequate to be viewed as basic early works of innovation in America. Numerous others, similar to his lavish house in Palm Beach for Marjorie Merriwether Post, Mar-a-Lago, if not as significant hypothetically, are awesome visual triumphs....To take a gander at Urbans work today is to be awed at the straightforwardness with which he worked in a wide range of styles, from the Vienna Secession of his initial a very long time to the International Style innovation and grand elegance of his last years.- Paul Goldberger, 1987 Find out More: Universal Magazine BuildingJoseph Urban by John Loring, Abrams Publisher, 2010Joseph Urban: Architecture, Theater, Opera, Film by Randolph Carter, Abbeville Press, 1992 Sources: Joseph Urban passage by Paul Louis Bentel, The Dictionary of Art, Vol. 31, Jane Turner, ed., Grove Macmillan, 1996, pp. 702-703; Architect of Dreams: The Theatrical Vision of Joseph Urban by Arnold Aronson, Columbia University, 2000; Joseph Urban Stage Design Models Documents Stabilization Access Project, Columbia University; Private Clubs, Palm Beach and Architects of the Boom Bust, Historical Society of Palm Beach County; At the Cooper-Hewitt, Designs of Joseph Urban by Paul Goldberger, The New York Times, December 20, 1987; Hearst Magazine Building Designation Report by Janet Adams, Landmarks Preservation Commission, (PDF) [accessed May 16, 2015]

Cyclothymia in Children and Adolescents

Cyclothymia in Children and Adolescents Depression Childhood Depression Print Cyclothymia in Children and Adolescents Symptoms, Treatment and Outcomes By Lauren DiMaria linkedin Lauren DiMaria is a member of the Society of Clinical Research Associates and childhood psychology expert. Learn about our editorial policy Lauren DiMaria Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 03, 2020 Image Source/Getty Images More in Depression Childhood Depression Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Types Suicide Cyclothymic disorder, or cyclothymia, is a mood disorder in which a child experiences alternating episodes of hypomania and depressive symptoms. Cyclothymia is considered to be part of the bipolar disorder spectrum, with mild but chronic symptoms. The Course of Cyclothymia Cyclothymic disorder involves periods of depressive symptoms alternating with periods of hypomania, which is an elevated mood state. In order to receive a diagnosis of cyclothymia, a child must experience symptoms for at least one year, with no more than two months free of symptoms. The onset of cyclothymia typically begins in adolescence, although it may begin as early as childhood. Although the rates of cyclothymia and other bipolar disorders in children and adolescents are not well established, the National Institute  of Mental Health reports the rate of cyclothymia as approximately 1% in children, and as high as 3% in adolescents. A family history of bipolar or cyclothymic disorder is a risk factor for developing cyclothymia. Some research suggests that cyclothymia is a risk factor for developing bipolar II disorder. Symptoms of Cyclothymia Symptoms of cyclothymia are considered to be mild enough to function. However, a child often experiences significant impairment in important areas of daily functioning. Symptoms of cyclothymia may include: IrritabilityShort or quick temperVery little or no sleep, but not feeling tiredEasily distractedLack of concentrationOverly joyfulRecurring thoughts of death or suicideFast speechRacing thoughtsDifficulty completing a taskEngaging in excessive reckless behavior, such as fast driving, overspending, substance abuse, etc. Children or teens with cyclothymia may be described as unreliable, moody, or temperamental because of unpredictable or irritable moods. For a diagnosis of cyclothymia, the depressive symptoms must not meet the criteria for a major depressive episode, and the hypomanic symptoms must not meet the criteria for mania. Additionally, symptoms must not be better explained by substance use or another psychiatric or medical illness. Treatment Options for Cyclothymia Once a child is evaluated and diagnosed, her physician will consider all factors of her situation and determine the most appropriate treatment for her. Mood stabilizing medications, like lithium and mood-stabilizing anticonvulsants, are known to be effective for bipolar disorder in children and adolescents. Psychotherapy has also been shown to be an effective accompanying treatment. Antidepressant medications may be prescribed, but need to be used cautiously in children and adolescents with a family history of bipolar disorder, as they can potentially contribute to manic episodes or increased mood cycling. Outcomes of Cyclothymia Even though cyclothymia is considered to be a chronic disorder, appropriate treatment can significantly help manage symptoms. Without treatment, however, short- and long-term consequences associated with cyclothymia are: Low self-esteemInterpersonal relationship difficultiesSubstance use and abuseAcademic declineIncreased risk for suicide attempt Less than half of people with cyclothymia end up developing bipolar disorder and in some people, cyclothymia actually disappears with time. When to Seek Help If your child or adolescent has symptoms of cyclothymia or another bipolar disorder, talk to her pediatrician or a mental health professional. Cyclothymia is a serious medical illness that requires treatment. Treatment can significantly reduce the severity of symptoms and potentially prevent future episodes.

Would Have In French Thats the Past Conditional

The French conditional perfect, or past conditional, is usually used very much like the English past conditional: It expresses an action that would have occurred if past circumstances had been different. How to Construct the French Conditional Perfect There are commonly two parts to a past conditional sentence:  a si clause  with the unmet condition in the  past perfect,  and a result clause in the conditional perfect. Think a past version of if...then.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Si je lavais vu, je laurais achetà ©.  Ã‚  Ã‚  If I had seen it, I would have bought it.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il serait venu  si nous lavions invità ©.  Ã‚  Ã‚  He would have come if we had invited him.The conditional perfect can also be used when the unmet condition is only implied:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒâ‚¬ ta place, je laurais dit.  Ã‚  Ã‚  In your place, I would have said it.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Elles auraient dà » acheter un plan.  Ã‚  Ã‚  They should have bought a map.Use the conditional perfect to express an unrealized desire in the past:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jaurais aimà © te voir, mais jai dà » travailler.  Ã‚  Ã‚  I would have liked to see you, but I had to work.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nous aurions voulu manger, mais cà ©tait trop tard.  Ã‚  Ã‚  We would have liked to eat, but it was too late.The conditional perfect can also report an uncertain / unverified fact, especially in the news:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il y aurait eu un accident dans le mà ©tro.  Ã‚  Ã‚  An accident in the subway has been repo rted.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Six Parisiens seraient morts.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Apparently, six Parisians have been killed. How to Conjugate the French Conditional The French conditional perfect mood, or past conditional, is a  compound conjugation, with these two parts: conditional  of the  auxiliary verb  (either  avoir  or  Ãƒ ªtre)past participle  of the main verb Note:  Like all French compound conjugations, the conditional perfect may be subject to grammatical  agreement: When the auxiliary verb is  Ãƒ ªtre, the  past participle  must agree with the subjectWhen the auxiliary verb is  avoir, the past participle may have to agree with its  direct object   Some French Conditional Perfect  Conjugations AIMER  (auxiliary verb is  avoir) j aurais aim nous aurions aim tu aurais aim vous auriez aim il,elle aurait aim ils,elles auraient aim DEVENIR  (à ªtre verb) je serais devenu(e) nous serions devenu(e)s tu serais devenu(e) vous seriez devenu(e)(s) il serait devenu ils seraient devenus elle serait devenue elles seraient devenues SE LAVER  (pronominal verb) je me serais lav(e) nous nous serions lav(e)s tu te serais lav(e) vous vous seriez lav(e)(s) il se serait lav ils se seraient lavs elle se serait lave elles se seraient laves

Learn to Respond Properly to Can You Speak Chinese

Be sure to practice your Mandarin Chinese every chance you get. With just a few words and phrases, you can have a simple conversation with a native speaker. Here are a few useful phrases to explain your level of Mandarin and whether you understand or not. Note that there is a difference between understanding spoken Mandarin (Ã¥  ¬Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¦â€¡â€š; tÄ «ng dà © dÇ’ng) and written Chinese (çÅ"‹çš„懂; kà  n dà © dÇ’ng) – the difference between understanding the sound (Ã¥  ¬; tÄ «ng) and the sight (çÅ"‹; kà  n) of the language. Audio clips are marked with ââ€" º Level of Chinese When starting a conversation in Chinese, you may need to explain your level of Mandarin Chinese so that your conversation partner knows what to expect. Here are a few different ways to answer the question: do you speak Chinese? Do you speak Mandarin?ââ€" º NÇ  huà ¬ shuÃ…  ZhÃ… ngwà ©n ma?(trad) ä ½  Ã¦Å"Æ'è ª ªÃ¤ ¸ ­Ã¦â€"‡åâ€"Ž?(simp) ä ½  Ã¤ ¼Å¡Ã¨ ¯ ´Ã¤ ¸ ­Ã¦â€"‡å â€"?I speak Mandarin.ââ€" º WÇ’ huà ¬ shuÃ…  ZhÃ… ngwà ©n.(trad) 我æÅ"Æ'è ª ªÃ¤ ¸ ­Ã¦â€"‡(simp) 我ä ¼Å¡Ã¨ ¯ ´Ã¤ ¸ ­Ã¦â€"‡I speak a little Mandarin.ââ€" º WÇ’ huà ¬ shuÃ…  yÄ «diÇŽndiÇŽn ZhÃ… ngwà ©n.(trad) 我æÅ"Æ'è ª ªÃ¤ ¸â‚¬Ã© »Å¾Ã© »Å¾Ã¤ ¸ ­Ã¦â€"‡(simp) 我ä ¼Å¡Ã¨ ¯ ´Ã¤ ¸â‚¬Ã§â€š ¹Ã§â€š ¹Ã¤ ¸ ­Ã¦â€"‡Yes, a little.ââ€" º Huà ¬, yÄ « diÇŽn diÇŽn.(trad) æÅ"Æ',ä ¸â‚¬Ã© »Å¾Ã© »Å¾(simp) ä ¼Å¡,ä ¸â‚¬Ã§â€š ¹Ã§â€š ¹Not very well.ââ€" º Bà º tà  i hÇŽo.ä ¸ Ã¥ ¤ ªÃ¥ ¥ ½My Mandarin is not good.ââ€" º WÇ’ de ZhÃ… ngwà ©n bà ¹ hÇŽo.我的ä ¸ ­Ã¦â€"‡ä ¸ Ã¥ ¥ ½I only know a few words.ââ€" º WÇ’ zhÇ  zhÄ «dao jÇ ge zà ¬.(trad) 我å  ªÃ§Å¸ ¥Ã© â€œÃ¥ ¹ ¾Ã¥â‚¬â€¹Ã¥ ­â€"(simp) 我å  ªÃ§Å¸ ¥Ã© â€œÃ¥â€¡  Ã¤ ¸ ªÃ¥ ­â€"My pronunciatio n is not very good.ââ€" º WÇ’ de fÄ yÄ «n bà ºshà ¬ hÄ›nhÇŽo.​(trad) 我的ç™ ¼Ã©Å¸ ³Ã¤ ¸ Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã¥ ¾Ë†Ã¥ ¥ ½(simp) 我的å â€˜Ã©Å¸ ³Ã¤ ¸ Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã¥ ¾Ë†Ã¥ ¥ ½ Does Your Friend Speak Mandarin? If you are with another person, you may be to answer for them if they do not speak Chinese. For example: Does your friend speak Mandarin?ââ€" º NÇ  de pà ©ngyou huà ¬ shuÃ…  ZhÃ… ngwà ©n ma?(trad) ä ½  Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¦Å"‹å â€¹Ã¦Å"Æ'è ª ªÃ¤ ¸ ­Ã¦â€"‡åâ€"Ž?(simp) ä ½  Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¦Å"‹å â€¹Ã¤ ¼Å¡Ã¨ ¯ ´Ã¤ ¸ ­Ã¦â€"‡å â€"?No, my friend doesn’t speak Mandarin.ââ€" º Bà º huà ¬, wÇ’ de pà ©ngyou bà º huà ¬ shuÃ…  ZhÃ… ngwà ©n.​(trad) ä ¸ Ã¦Å"Æ', 我的æÅ"‹å â€¹Ã¤ ¸ Ã¦Å"Æ'è ª ªÃ¤ ¸ ­Ã¦â€"‡(simp) ä ¸ Ã¤ ¼Å¡, 我的æÅ"‹å â€¹Ã¤ ¸ Ã¤ ¼Å¡Ã¨ ¯ ´Ã¤ ¸ ­Ã¦â€"‡ Listening and Writing Comprehension Skills With these phrases, you can explain your level of Chinese beyond just speaking but also in terms in writing. Do you understand (spoken) Mandarin?ââ€" º NÇ  tÄ «ng dà © dÇ’ng ZhÃ… ngwà ©n ma?(trad) ä ½  Ã¨  ½Ã¥ ¾â€"懂ä ¸ ­Ã¦â€"‡åâ€"Ž?(simp) ä ½  Ã¥  ¬Ã¥ ¾â€"懂ä ¸ ­Ã¦â€"‡å â€"?Do you understand (written) Mandarin?ââ€" º NÇ  kà  n dà © dÇ’ng ZhÃ… ngwà ©n ma?(trad) ä ½  Ã§Å"‹å ¾â€"懂ä ¸ ­Ã¦â€"‡åâ€"Ž?(simp) ä ½  Ã§Å"‹å ¾â€"懂ä ¸ ­Ã¦â€"‡å â€"?I can speak Mandarin, but I can’t read it.ââ€" º WÇ’ huà ¬ shuÃ…  ZhÃ… ngwà ©n dà  nshà ¬ wÇ’ kà  n bà ¹dÇ’ng.(trad) 我æÅ"Æ'è ª ªÃ¤ ¸ ­Ã¦â€"‡ä ½â€ Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã¦Ë†â€˜Ã§Å"‹ä ¸ Ã¦â€¡â€š(simp) 我ä ¼Å¡Ã¨ ¯ ´Ã¤ ¸ ­Ã¦â€"‡ä ½â€ Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã¦Ë†â€˜Ã§Å"‹ä ¸ Ã¦â€¡â€šI can read Chinese characters, but I can’t write them.ââ€" º WÇ’ kà  n dà © dÇ’ng ZhÃ… ngwà ©n zà ¬ dà  nshà ¬ wÇ’ bà º huà ¬ xiÄ›.(trad) 我çÅ"‹å ¾â€"懂ä ¸ ­Ã¦â€"‡å ­â€"ä ½â€ Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã¦Ë†â€˜Ã¤ ¸ Ã¦Å"Æ'Ã¥ ¯ «(simp) 我çÅ"‹å ¾â€"懂ä ¸ ­Ã¦â€"‡å ­â€"ä ½â€ Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã¦Ë†â€˜Ã¤ ¸ Ã¤ ¼Å¡Ã¥â€ â„¢ Do You Understand Me? Your conversation partner might check in from time to time to make sure youre understanding everything that is being said. If they are speaking too fast or inaudibly, here are some helpful phrases you can ask. Do you understand me?ââ€" º NÇ  tÄ «ng dà © dÇ’ng wÇ’ shuÃ…  shà ©nme ma?(trad) ä ½  Ã¨  ½Ã¥ ¾â€"懂我è ª ªÃ¤ »â‚¬Ã© º ¼Ã¥â€"Ž?(simp) ä ½  Ã¥  ¬Ã¥ ¾â€"懂我è ¯ ´Ã¤ »â‚¬Ã¤ ¹Ë†Ã¥ â€"?Yes, I can understand you.ââ€" º Shà ¬, wÇ’ tÄ «ng dà © dÇ’ng.(trad) æ˜ ¯, 我è  ½Ã¥ ¾â€"懂(simp) æ˜ ¯, 我å  ¬Ã¥ ¾â€"懂I can’t understand you very well.ââ€" º WÇ’ tÄ «ng bà º tà  i dÇ’ng nÇ  shuÃ…  shà ©nme.(trad) 我è  ½Ã¤ ¸ Ã¥ ¤ ªÃ¦â€¡â€šÃ¤ ½  Ã¨ ª ªÃ¤ »â‚¬Ã© º ¼(simp) 我å  ¬Ã¤ ¸ Ã¥ ¤ ªÃ¦â€¡â€šÃ¤ ½  Ã¨ ¯ ´Ã¤ »â‚¬Ã¤ ¹Ë†Please speak more slowly.ââ€" º QÇ ng shuÃ…  mà  n yÄ «diÇŽn.(trad) è «â€¹Ã¨ ª ªÃ¦â€¦ ¢Ã¤ ¸â‚¬Ã© »Å¾(simp) è ¯ ·Ã¨ ¯ ´Ã¦â€¦ ¢Ã¤ ¸â‚¬Ã§â€š ¹Please repeat that.ââ€" º QÇ ng zà  i shuÃ…  yÄ «cà ¬.(trad) è «â€¹Ã¥â€  Ã¨ ª ªÃ¤ ¸â‚¬Ã¦ ¬ ¡(simp) è ¯ ·Ã¥â€  Ã¨ ¯ ´Ã¤ ¸â‚¬Ã¦ ¬ ¡I don’t understand.ââ€" º WÇ’ tÄ «ng bà º dÇ’ng.(trad) 我è  ½Ã¤ ¸  懂(simp) 我å  ¬Ã¤ ¸ Ã¦â€¡â€š Ask For Help Dont be shy! The best way to learn new words is to ask. If youre trying to convey an idea in a conversation but find that you cant, ask the person youre talking to if they can give it a try. Then, try and bring up that phrase again and again in future conversations; repetition is good practice for memorization. How do you say XXX in Mandarin?ââ€" ºXXX ZhÃ… ngwà ©n zÄ›nme shuÃ… ?(trad) XXX ä ¸ ­Ã¦â€"‡æ€Žé º ¼Ã¨ ª ª?(simp) XXX ä ¸ ­Ã¦â€"‡æ€Žä ¹Ë†Ã¨ ¯ ´?

The Potential Of Stem Cell Research - 2519 Words

Berg 1 Brianna Berg ENG 110 Dr. Stobb 4/14/15 The Potential to Cure People When a typical adult hears the words â€Å"Stem Cell Research† most would rather not talk about it because they would not want to cause tension with the person who brought up the topic. The controversy of religion could be brought up within the topic. Many people have not been educated appropriately on the subject matter because most do not know that stem cells can come not only from an embryo, but also an adult. Understanding the main purpose of stem cell research and its benefits will allow a person to outweigh ethical apprehension for the ailing patient in need of the treatment from stem cells once the public is educated correctly. Before understanding the problem of†¦show more content†¦Twenty years after Dr. Till and Dr. McCulloch’s research, Dr. Gail Martin at the University of California utilized Berg 2 pregnant laboratory mice to isolate three-day old embryonic stem cells (Allman 27). At the same time Dr. Gail Martin achieved separating stem cells from mice, Dr. Martin Evans from Cambridge University figured out a way to grow embryonic stem cells from mice (Allman 28). In November of 1998 Dr. James Thomson of the University of Wisconsin received unwanted leftover embryos from an in vitro clinic and isolated the human embryonic stem cells and watched them divide and proliferate (Allman 30). At a similar point in time, Dr. John Gearhart at Johns Hopkins University successfully secluded and cultivated human embryonic stem cells from aborted fetuses (Allman 31). As of May 2013 Oregon Health and Science University researchers used a cloning technique known as â€Å"Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT)† to successfully reprogram human skin cells into embryonic stem cells. DNA from the egg was removed and replaced with genetic matter from a somatic cell (any living non repro ductive cell); scientists programmed it to turn into contracting cardiomyocytes, the cells that make a person’s heart muscle (Timeline of major events). What exactly are stem cells? Stem cells are uncommitted to specific body functions making them unique because they have the capability of renewing and developing into specialized cells once they receive a

Sound and music industry Essay Example For Students

Sound and music industry Essay Retailer, freelancer are needed in music publishing. 2. Record labels Recording companies are huge corporations own a variety of record labels. Recorder and business affairs are needed in record labels. 3. Live performance Live performance is an important aspect of the music industry because it is the best publicity and means of income and artist can have. Bands and sales are needed in live performance. 4. Artist management There are different types of managers. Professional managers make a living solely from artist management and often have many clients working professionally or affiliated with a major record label. Artist development and art department are needed in artist management. MI Explain four areas of the music industry. The artist and the publisher share a symbiosis relationship. Music publishers are responsible for the development of new music as well as taking care of the business side allowing songwriters and composers to concentrate on their creative work. They publish music products. Most large record companies are huge conglomerates own a variety of subsidiary record labels. The subsidiary labels are each mint-companies operating under the intro of a larger corporation. They record music. Live performance is comprised from the work of different people. Include booking perform many are dedicated music clubs, taverns, bars, coffee houses, festivals, fairs, concert halls, schools, churches, and even record stores. Live performance is a way to know what to do in the next step and how to make a change to expand artists popularity. Managers are important for the business because they take care of paperwork, keeping with commitments and other menial tasks thus allowing the artist to focus completely on music. ODL Comment critically on four areas of the music industry. The publishing side of the music business is concerned with the songs themselves. Publishers employ A people in much the same way as record companies do, but because the song itself is all important. And although the parent companies of the major record labels also have their own publishing companies an artist would sign a separate deal with each or could sign with a totally different publishing company. The function of the publisher is to collect royalty payments on behalf of the songwriter and pass these on after taking a percentage for themselves. A good publisher will also be pro-active in seeking to place songs on film and TV soundtracks, adverts and compilations and will use their contacts to promote suitable songs for use by established artists. Music publishing Just publish the music, its not the same with record labels or the other companies. Its perfectly possible for a songwriter to be signed by a publisher before a CD has been released or even before that songwriter has a record deal. Quite often a good publishing company will spot a promising writer at an early stage, offer advice, nurture their song-writing skills and help to secure a recording contract. Record labels Just record the music. When they finish recording they will give the right to the music publishing companies to publish the works. 4. Live performance Live performance is a huge work. Through the live performance we can know how to improve and how to make some changes of the artists. Live performance is an important aspect of the music industry because it is the best publicity and means of income and artist can have. Live performance can be a lot of form and it needs different roles to do different things. Its comprised from the work of different people. Include booking agents, promoters, venue operators. There are many different venues that artists can perform many are dedicated music clubs, taverns, bars, coffee houses, festivals, fairs, concert halls, schools, churches, and even record stores. 5. Artists management nothing is left to interfere with the delicate creative process is the managers Job. They will be involved in any decision that directly concerns the artists earning potential. A manager must be prepared to negotiate with record labels, publishers, tour managers, booking agents, promoters, producers, lawyers, accountants, ruinations, photographers, merchandisers, fan clubs and often the artists friends and family. .u7e684cc5796537f62c3a651e53b81c6e , .u7e684cc5796537f62c3a651e53b81c6e .postImageUrl , .u7e684cc5796537f62c3a651e53b81c6e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7e684cc5796537f62c3a651e53b81c6e , .u7e684cc5796537f62c3a651e53b81c6e:hover , .u7e684cc5796537f62c3a651e53b81c6e:visited , .u7e684cc5796537f62c3a651e53b81c6e:active { border:0!important; } .u7e684cc5796537f62c3a651e53b81c6e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7e684cc5796537f62c3a651e53b81c6e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7e684cc5796537f62c3a651e53b81c6e:active , .u7e684cc5796537f62c3a651e53b81c6e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7e684cc5796537f62c3a651e53b81c6e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7e684cc5796537f62c3a651e53b81c6e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7e684cc5796537f62c3a651e53b81c6e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7e684cc5796537f62c3a651e53b81c6e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7e684cc5796537f62c3a651e53b81c6e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7e684cc5796537f62c3a651e53b81c6e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7e684cc5796537f62c3a651e53b81c6e .u7e684cc5796537f62c3a651e53b81c6e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7e684cc5796537f62c3a651e53b81c6e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Different Types of popular music. EssayWhilst it is important for both parties that the manager is a fan of the music, they must remain objective about the look, sound and next career moves of their artist. In an ideal scenario, everyone will have the same objectives and will trust and respect each others decisions and motives. Any interested record company will suggest, if not insist, that an artist be signed with an experienced, professional manager; recognizing the importance of the role. A manager can expect to receive teen 15% and 25% of an artists gross earnings. PA Describe the roles associated with an area of music industry. . Music publishing Composer, royalties, retailer, freelancer, art department, publisher, sales, recorder, lawyers are needed for music publishing. Artist development, recorder, art department, business affairs, publisher are needed for record labels. 3. Artist management Artist development, art department, lawyers are needed for artist management. 5. Live performance Bands, retailer, booking agents, sales, promoters, publicity, producer, lawyers, and publishers are needed for live performance. Some roles are connected. There are some same roles needed in different areas of music industry. MM Explain the roles associated with an area of music industry. 1. Music publishing lawyers Artist development, recorder, art department, business affairs, publisher Artist development, art department, Bands, retailer, booking agents, sales, promoters, publicity, producer, lawyers, publisher DO Comment critically on the roles associated with an area of music PA Describe the contracts associated with an area of music industry. The contracts re link to the music companies. The contract is valid the legal approval procedures are complete. The contracts are needed in music publishing and it is very important. If the artists want to publish an album or other music product, they need to build and sign a contract. They need an agreement with the company each other then they can start to record and publish. MM Explain the contracts associated with an area of music industry. Generally for entering into a Music Business Contract, an individual or a huge company should create a Music Business Contract which has the complete plan of the individual and he services offering, Scope of the contract, Duration of contract, Team investment, Return on Investment, Team Definition and contributions from this contract. DO Comment critically on the contracts associated with an area of music industry. PA Describe the importance of licensing and royalties in the music industry. When an artists song or composition is played on the radio or used in any other means of broadcasting communication the artist is entitled to royalties. The exclusive rights, granted by law for a stated period, usually until 70 years after the death of the arriving author of the work, to make, disposes of, and otherwise control copies of literary, musical, dramatic, pictorial and other copyrightable works. MM Explain the importance of licensing and royalties in the music industry. A license is merely a legal permission from the copyright holder or from a third-party that represents a copyright holder to use a musical work. A royalty is the money paid by a user to obtain the license. Sometimes, licenses are granted directly by the copyright holder to the end user, especially for expensive, complex, or high profile uses, like sing a piece of music in a movie or in a national advertising campaign. DO Comment critically on the importance of licensing and royalties in the music industry. If a composer had written a lot of songs, getting into music licensing is a example, if a feature film, advertisement or TV show likes a song, they will request a music license for the composition. Many talented individuals are deprived in pursuing their musical career due to lack of knowledge and exposure to licensing. In fact, in many cases the only thing that one can do as talented composer is to pursue music licensing. A publisher represents your songs in the business of music. .ue85052ff749eadd9dc2bfda3e4f5fe60 , .ue85052ff749eadd9dc2bfda3e4f5fe60 .postImageUrl , .ue85052ff749eadd9dc2bfda3e4f5fe60 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue85052ff749eadd9dc2bfda3e4f5fe60 , .ue85052ff749eadd9dc2bfda3e4f5fe60:hover , .ue85052ff749eadd9dc2bfda3e4f5fe60:visited , .ue85052ff749eadd9dc2bfda3e4f5fe60:active { border:0!important; } .ue85052ff749eadd9dc2bfda3e4f5fe60 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue85052ff749eadd9dc2bfda3e4f5fe60 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue85052ff749eadd9dc2bfda3e4f5fe60:active , .ue85052ff749eadd9dc2bfda3e4f5fe60:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue85052ff749eadd9dc2bfda3e4f5fe60 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue85052ff749eadd9dc2bfda3e4f5fe60 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue85052ff749eadd9dc2bfda3e4f5fe60 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue85052ff749eadd9dc2bfda3e4f5fe60 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue85052ff749eadd9dc2bfda3e4f5fe60:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue85052ff749eadd9dc2bfda3e4f5fe60 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue85052ff749eadd9dc2bfda3e4f5fe60 .ue85052ff749eadd9dc2bfda3e4f5fe60-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue85052ff749eadd9dc2bfda3e4f5fe60:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Should listening to music in study hall be allowed? EssayTasks such as music licensing, negotiating licensing, collecting royalties and making sure that you get paid at the proper amount at the proper time are all part of the publishing process and what a publisher does. It is very astonishing at the amount of composers that are oblivious to the most important aspect of the music business and daily lose out on substantial earnings generated through licensing. A well-connected publishing will allow you to flourish as a composer and allow your compositions to earn you credits, money and the recognition that you deserve.

Were the founding fathers blatantly sexist and misogynist in the foundation period of our republic

Introduction There is a lot of apprehension on the vital role of elections and the merits and demerits of the political system and evolution in the United States. We shall see how both factors have intensively changed the way American politics are carried out. Most Americans view equal political opportunities and rights to exercise their democracy as the ideals which America should embrace most.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Were the founding fathers blatantly sexist and misogynist in the foundation period of our republic? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, the same democracy that America seems to be promoting elsewhere continues to be undermined by the same government on American soil (Roskin, et al, 36). In our context, we will try to figure out whether America’s founding fathers were indeed sexists or misogynists in the foundation period. We also look at the new democracy in the United States, federalism, power division, and local government. Democracy in the United States Majority of ordinary American citizens view the United States as a democratic nation simply because of the praise by outsiders about the good state of democracy in the nation. This is not the real case according to analysts in the political affairs of the United States. True democracy in America is felt by those in power and the elite. The common citizen lives without his or her fair share of the privileges (Tausch and Prager, 46). It is evident that American citizens are not treated equally. It raises the question of whether America’s founding fathers actually lay the foundation of this kind. This situation continues to limit the country’s achievement of true liberty and equality among its citizens. It is evident through the generations that the fore fathers indeed influenced greatly in the problems that America is having at the moment (Morris and Bertram, 25).One will realise th at in former generations, numerous activities arose among the different cultures that were undermined. This saw the rise of the likes of Martin Luther King Jr. who died fighting for the rights and justice for all American people. We see from history that women continued to be viewed as inferior and were actually denied some privileges like being in the military in the perception that they could not handle the pressure. This testifies to the fact that the founding fathers were indeed sexists and misogynists in their approaches in building America. It also raises questions on the integrity of the political system of the United States. Establishing a Constitutional Democracy In order to establish a true constitutional democracy in America, every leader has to embark on embracing and exercising the rights that the American Constitution offers by making sure that every citizen enjoys every privilege that he or she is entitled to.Advertising Looking for research paper on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Federalism: Division of Power National, State, and Local Government Federalism in the United States has continued to evolve since the end of the American civil war. There has been a shift of power with the national government getting more power while certain states remain with less. American Political Culture Americans are so endeared to the perception that the country has the best in terms of democracy. The culture is built on ideals that are either constitutional or instilled by cultural principles and ethics. This culture has continued to show weaknesses in various areas as Americans continue to experience differences in incomes, wealth, and access to equal opportunities. Every American has a responsibility in shaping the country towards equality. Works Cited Morris, P, and Bertram, J.  The New American Democracy, New York: Pearson Education Limited, 2005.Print Roskin, M, et al. Political Scienc e: An Introduction. 10th ed, New York: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007.Print. Tausch, A, and Prager, F. Towards a Socio-Liberal Theory of World Development, Basingstoke, MacMillan, New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1993.Print This research paper on Were the founding fathers blatantly sexist and misogynist in the foundation period of our republic? was written and submitted by user Zayden Rivera to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Architectural Design Final Exam Essays - Airport, Airport Check-in

Architectural Design Final Exam Essays - Airport, Airport Check-in Architectural Design Final Exam Billy Bishop Airport Expansion TDA 4M0 Mr. Ganhao Manroop Bhogal Table of Contents Proposal Space Relationship Bubbles 4 Concept Sketches Required Areas Case Studies Presentation Draw ing s Architectural Design Exam Proposal The Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport , commonly known as the Toronto Island Airport, is a small airport located on the Toronto Islands in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is named after the Air Marshal Billy Bishop, a Canadian World War I flying ace. The airport is used by civil aviation, air ambulances, and regional a irlines using turboprop planes. After the proposed expansion in 2013, another proposal is approaching in 2016. The inspiration for the new airport will be influenced by an archit ectural style known as M odern architecture . Common themes of modern archi tecture include: form follows function, meaning that the result of design should derive directly from its purpose, simplicity and clarity of forms and elimination of "unnecessary detail", materials at 90 degrees to each other, visual expression of structure (as opposed to the hiding of structural elements), the related concept of "truth to materials" meaning that the true natur e or natural appearance of a material ought to be seen rather than concealed or altered to represent something else, use of industrially produced materials' adoption of the machine aesthetic, and visual emphasis on horizontal and vertical lines. Following through with the influence of modern architecture, the airport shape, as well as its interior, will be reduced to the upmost important elements and principles of design; shape, line, with simplicity in order to display the architectural style we have chosen. The reduction of complicated and unnecessary details and/or walls allows the passengers and staff in the airport to easily maneuver through the airport and quickly arrive at their destination without any confusion. This also allows the stores and/or sections of the airport to be easily built next to each other as it is much easier to build two identical shapes next to each other, such as rectangles and squares, rather than a store with one angled wall against a store with multiple angled walls. This idea of using simple shapes to create a well-designed and efficient airport also allows the airport to waste as little space as possible, and that every space is used as there are no odd angled corners or spaces that cannot be filled with something. Keeping in mind the architectural influence, there are many considerations that had to be made during the design process; types of planes, typical clientele, efficiency of the airport, placement of staff areas and passenger areas. In order to accommodate as many planes as possible, we have placed the gates in such a way that even the biggest planes that arrive/depart the airport can easily gain access to and from the gates, having enough space to turn around onto the runway without any issues. We are not expecting to have any typical clientele, rather, we have accommodated for every type of clientele. We have a separate check in queue for first class, allowing faster movement for every queue, a separat e baggage claim for those who have travelled internationally, as well as another first class line at the pre board screening. We want the airport to be efficient as possible and in doing so, allowing any passenger to get to their destination even faster. Finally, we have also placed the staff and passenger areas in such a way that the passenger areas revolve around the staff. This allows the staff areas and offices to be centralized in the middle of the airport, and can easily access any section of the airport if any problems occur without having to run a long way. This is also great for passengers as they can gain access to help whenever they please as there are always staffs ready to assist the passengers, and passengers will no longer have to run to another side of the building for any assistance. This proposal will not only make an efficient airport for the passengers, but will also allow a better work experience for the staff. Main Entrance Case Study Eyes of the Passenger There are a total of 6 doors leading into

Ratio analysis Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Ratio analysis - Coursework Example An increasing interest coverage ratio means that the company is gearing sufficient funds from its operations. This implies that the company does not have to use the cash at hand to make up for any difference or need to outsource funds. Assets turnover ratio measures the amount of revenue generated from assets owned by the company. A decreasing trend because of reducing sales implies that promotions and advertising of sales must be done (Gibson and Gibson 187). The debt to income ratio measures the level of total income to that of total assets of the company. The company’s increasing ratio of 0.01% means that the both assets and sales are on the rise. Debt to equity ratio increases in the current year which means a lesser risk to the potential shareholders of the company. The investment potential of the company is safer for the likely investors. Competitors in the same industry are competing fairly with the company. The higher the higher the interest cover means improved ability of the company to pay its obligations. The company has enough chance to bear the amount of its prevailing finance cost. From its assets turnover ratio, the company is not optimizing the use of its assets. The company cannot generate more sales with any fewer assets. Decreasing asset turnover ratio means a negative impact on the return on equity (Gibson and Gibson

Crisis Intervention Following A Natural Disaster Essay

Crisis Intervention Following A Natural Disaster - Essay Example This observance became the basis of the existence of crisis intervention. Viewing the positive outcomes of the different support that were given to people in the Cocoanut Grove fire in Boston in 1942, Eric Lindemann coined and highlighted the importance of the phrase â€Å"crisis intervention† (as cited in Heath & Sheen, 2005, p. 1) as substantial evidences of the importance of its applicability that were starting to arise. Problems are a natural part of life. They are issues that give people emotional, physical or psychological stresses that range from financial difficulties and emotional strains to tragic situations. A case in point, is the problem caused by natural disasters that result to loss of almost every important thing. As a normal reaction, people go through shock, denial, anger and grief for the loss that they had experienced; because of this, they tend to head into the direction where they turn out unable to continue to function well and do their activities to recover from such events. Each person is different from another. They have different tolerance levels to terrible events in life. Severed by the lack of support from other people, it can result to crisis. To become the foundation of this paper’s topic, the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary’s definition of â€Å"crisis† will be used: â€Å"an emotionally significant event or radical change of status in a person’s life† (â€Å"Crisis,† 2010). Resulting from crisis are two consequences: it either makes the life of a person better or worsen it. If crisis is not efficiently dealt with, a person is thought to be doomed. Thinking of such idea will awaken people’s understanding why there is a need of crisis intervention. People will have to undergo several crises as they travel through life. While some are able to bear every problem that the world necessitates them to handle, others are not. People, especially immediately after natural disasters, would feel helpless as if they have lost the

Constructing Social Knowledge Graph from Twitter Data

Constructing Social Knowledge Graph from Twitter Data   Yue Han Loke 1.1 Introduction The current era of technology allows its users to post and share their thoughts, images, and content via networks through different forms of applications and websites such as Twitter, Facebook and Instagram. With the emerging of social media in our daily lives and it is becoming a norm for the current generation to share data, researchers are starting to perform studies on the data that could be collected from social media [1] [2].The context of this research will be solely dedicated to Twitter data due to its publicly available wealth of data and its public Stream API. Twitters tweets can be used to discover new knowledge, such as recommendations, and relationships for data analysis. Tweets in general are short microblogs consisting of maximum 140 characters that can consists of normal sentences to hashtags and tags with @, other short abbreviation of words (gtg, 2night), and different form of a word (yup, nope). Observing how tweets are posted shows the noisy and short lexical natu re of these texts. This presents a challenge to the flexibility of Twitter data analysis. On the other hand, the availability of existing research conducted on entity extraction and entity linking has decreased the gap between entities extracted and the relationships that could be discovered. Since 2014, the introduction of the Named Entity rEcognition and Linking (NEEL) Challenge [3] has proved the significance of automated entity extraction, entity linking and classification appearing in different event streams of English tweets in the research and commercial communities to design and develop systems that could solve the challenging nature in tweets and to mine semantics from them. 1.2 Project Aim The focus of this research aims to construct a social knowledge graph (Knowledge Base) from Twitter data. A knowledge graph is a technique to analyse social media networks using the method of mapping and measurement for both relationships and information flows among group, organizations, and other connected entities in social networks [4]. A few tasks are required to successfully create a knowledge graph based on Twitter data A method to aid in the construction of knowledge graph is by extracting named entitiessuch as persons, organizations, locations, or brands from the tweets [5]. In the domain of this research, the named entity to be referenced in the tweet is defined as a proper noun or acronym if it is found in the NEEL Taxonomy in the Appendix A of [3], and is linked to an English DBpedia [6] referent and a NIL referent. The second component in creating a social knowledge graph is to utilize those extracted entities and link them to their respective entities in a knowledge base. For example, Tweet: The ITEE department is organizing a pizza gettogether at UQ. #awesome ITEE refers to an organization and UQ refers to an organization as well. The annotation for this is [ITEE, organization, NIL1], where NIL1 refers to the unique NIL referent describing the real-world entity ITEE that does not have the equivalent entry in DBpedia and [UQ, Organization, dbp:University_of_Queensland] which represents the RDF triple (subject, predicate, object). 1.3 Project Goals Firstly, getting the Twitter tweets. This can be achieved by crawling Twitter data using Public Stream API[1] available in the Twitter developer website. The Public Stream API allows extraction of Twitter data in real time. Next, entity extraction and typing with the aid of a specifically chosen information extraction pipeline called TwitIE[2] open-source and specific to social media and has been tested most extensively on microblog sentences. This pipeline receives the tweets as input and recognises the entities in the same tweet. The third task is to link those entities mined from tweets to the entities in the available knowledge base. The knowledge base that has been selected for the context of this project is DBpedia. If there is a referent in DBpedia, the entity extracted will be linked to that referent. Thus, the entity type is retrieved based on the category received from the knowledge base. In the event of the unavailability of a referent, a NIL identifier is given as shown in section 1.2. The selection of an entity linking system with the appropriate entity disambiguation and candidate entity generation that receives the extracted entities from the same Tweet and produce a list with all the candidate entities in the knowledge base. The task is to accurately link the correct entity extracted to one of the candidates. The social knowledge graph is an entity-entity graph combining two extracted sources of entities. The first is the analysis of the co-occurrence of those entities in same tweet or same sentence. Besides that, the existing relationships or categories extracted from DBpedia. Thus, the project aims to combine the extraction of co-occurrence of extracted entities and the extracted relationships to create a social knowledge graph to unlock new knowledge from the fusion of the two data sources. Named Entity Recognition (NER), Information Extraction (IE) are generally well researched in the domain of longer text such as newswire. However, overall, microblogs are possibly the hardest kind of content to process. For Twitter, some methods have been proposed by the research community such as [7] that uses a pipeline approach to perform the first tokenisation and POS tagging and topic models were used to find named entities. [8] propose a gradient-descent graph-based method for doing joint text normalisation and recognition, reaching 83.6% F1 measure. Besides that, entity linking in knowledge graphs have been studied in [9] using graph-based method by collectively gather the referent entities of all named entities in the same document and by modelling and exploiting the global interdependence between Entity Linking decisions. However, the combination of NER, and Entity Linking in Twitter tweets is still a new area of research since the NEEL challenge was first established in 2013 . Based on the evaluation conducted in [10] on the NEEL challenge, lexical similarity mention detection strategy that exploit the popularity of the entities and apply a distance similarity functions to rank entities efficiently, and n-gram [11] features are used. Besides that, Conditional Random Forest (CRF) [12] is another mentioned entity extraction strategy. In the entity detection context, graph distances and various ranking features were used. 2.1. Twitter crawling [13] defined the public Twitter Streaming API provides the ability of collecting a sample of user tweets. Using the statuses/filter API provides a constant stream of public Tweets. Multiple optional parameters may be specified such as language and locations. Applying the method CreateStreamingConnection,a POST request to the API has the capability of returning the public statuses as a stream. The rate limit of the Streaming API allows each application to submit up to 5,000 Twitter. [13] Based on the documentation, Twitter currently allows the public to retrieve at most a 1% sample of their data posted on Twitter at a specific time. Twitter will begin to return the sample data to the user when the number of tweets reaches 1% of all tweets on Twitter. According to [14] research comparing Twitter Streaming API and Twitter Firehouse, the final results of the Streaming API depends strongly on the coverage and the type of analysis that the researcher wishes to perform. For example, the researchers found that if given a set of parameters and the number of tweets matching them increases, the coverage of the Streaming API is reduced. Thus, if the research is concerning a filtered content, the Twitter Firehose would be a better choice with regards to its drawback of restrictive cost. However, since our project requires random sampling of Twitter data without filters except for English language, Twitter Streaming API would be an appropriate choice since it is freely available. 2.2. Entity Extraction [15] suggested an open-source pipeline, called TwitIE which is solely dedicated for social media components in GATE [16]. TwitIE consists for 7 parts: tweet import, language identification, tokenisation, gazetteer, sentence splitter, normalisation, part-of-speech tagging, and named entity recogniser. Twitter data is delivered from the Twitter Streaming API in JSON format. TwitIE included a new Format_Twitter plugin in the most recent GATE codebase which converts the tweets in JSON format automatically into GATE documents. This converter is automatically associated with documents names that end in .json, if not text/x-json-twitter should be specified. The TwitIE system uses TextCat a language processing and identification algorithm for its language identification. It has the capability to provide reliable tweet language identification for tweets written in English using the English POS tagger and named entity recogniser. Tokenisation oversees different characters, class sequence and rules. Since the TwitIE system is dealing with microblogs, it treats abbreviations and URLs as one token each by following the Ritters tokenisation scheme. Hashtags and user mentions are considered as two tokens and is covered by a separate annotation hashtags. Normalisation in TwitIE system is divided into two task: the identification of orthographic errors and correction of the errors found. The TwitIE Normaliser is designed specific to social media. TwitIE reuses the ANNIE gazetteer lists which contain lists such as cities, organisations, days of the week, etc. TwiTie uses the adapted version of the Stanford Part-of speech tagger which is tweets tagged with Penn TreeBank(PTB) tagset trained. The results of using the combination of normalisation, gazetteer name lookup, and POS tagger, the performance was increased to 86.93%. It was further increased to 90.54% token accuracy when the PTB tagset was used. Named entity recognition in TwitIE has a +30% absolute precision and +20% abso lute performance increase as compare to ANNIE, mainly respect to date, Organizations and Person. [7] proposed an innovative approach to distant supervision using topic models that pulls large amount of entities gathered from Freebase, and large amount of unlabelled data. Using those entities gathered, the approach combines information about an entitys context across its mentions. T-NER POS Tagging system called T-POS has added new tags for Twitter specific phenomenal retweets such as usernames, urls and hashtags. The system uses clustering to group together distributionally similar words for lexical variations and OOV words. T-POS utilizes the Brown Clusters and Conditional Random Fields. The combination of both features results in the ability to model strong dependencies between adjacent POS tags and make use of highly correlated features. The results of the T-POS are shown on a 4-fold cross validation over 800 tweets. It is proved that T-POS outperforms the Standford tagger, obtaining a 26% reduction in error. Besides that, when trained on 102K tokens, there is an error reduct ion of 41%. The system includes shallow parsing which can identify non-recursive phrases such as noun, verb and prepositional phrases in text. T-NERs shallow parsing component called T-CHUNK, obtained a better performance at shallow parsing of tweets as compared against the off the shelf OpenNLP chunker. As reported, a 22% reduction in error. Another component of the T-NER is the capitalization classifier, T-CAP, which analyse a tweet to predict capitalization. Named entity recognition in T-NER is divided into two components: Named Entity Segmentation using T-SEG, and classifying named entities by applying LabeledLDA. T-SEG uses IOB encoding on sequence-labelling task to represent segmentations. Furthermore, Conditional Random Fields is used for learning and inference. Contextual, dictionary and orthographic features: a set of type lists is included in the in-house dictionaries gathered from Freebase. Additionally, outputs of T-POS, T-CHUNK and T-CAP, and the Brown clusters are used to generate features. The outcome of the T-SEG as stated in the research paper, Compared with the state-of-the-art news-trained Stanford Named Entity Recognizer. T-SEG obtains a 52% increase in F1 score. To address the issues of lack of context in tweets to identify the types of entities they contain and excessive distinctive named entity types present in tweets, the research paper presented and assessed a distantly supervised approach based on LabeledLD. This approach utilizes modelling of every entity as a combination of types. This allows information about an entitys distribution over types to be shared across mentions, naturally handling ambiguous entity strings whose mentions could refer to different types. Based on the empirical experiments conducted, there is a 25% increase in F1 score over the co-training approach to Named Entity Classification suggested by Collins and Singer (1999) when applie d to Twitter. [17] proposed a Twitter adapted version of Kanopy called Kanopy4Tweets that uses the approach of interlinking text documents with a knowledge base by using the relations between concepts and their neighbouring graph structure. The system consists of four parts: Name Entity Recogniser (NER), Named Entity Linking (NEL), Named Entity Disambiguation(NED) and Nil Resources Clustering(NRC). The NER of Kanopy4Tweets uses a TwitIE a Twitter information extraction pipeline mentioned above. For the Named Entity Linking. For NEL, a DBpedia index is build using a selection of datasets to search for suitable DBpedia resource candidates for each extracted entity. The datasets are store in a single binary file using HDT RDF format. This format has compact structures due to its binary representation of RDF data. It allows for faster search functionality without the need of decompression. The datasets can be quickly browse and scan through for a specific object, subject or predicate at glance. For e ach named entity found by NER component, a list of resource candidates retrieved from DBpedia can be obtain using the top-down strategy. One of the challenges found is the large volume of found resource candidates impacts negatively on the processing time for disambiguation process. However, this problem can be resolved by reducing the number of candidates using a ranking method. The proposed ranking method ranks the candidates according to the document score assigned by the indexing engine and selects the top-x elements. The NED takes an input of a list of named entities which are candidate DBpedia resources after the previous NEL process. The best candidate resource for each named entity is selected as output. A relatedness score is calculated based on the number of paths between the resources weighted by the exclusivity of the edges of these paths which is applied to candidates with respect to the candidate resources of all other entities. The input named entities are jointly dis ambiguated and linked to the candidate resources with the highest combined relatedness. NRC is a stage whereby if there are no resource in the knowledge base that can be linked to a named entity extracted. Using the Monge-Elkan similarity measure, the first NIL element is assign into a new cluster, then the next element is used to differentiate from the previous ones. An element is added to a cluster when the similarity between an element and the present clusters is above a fixed threshold, the element is added to that particular cluster, whereas a new cluster is formed if there are no current cluster with a similarity above the threshold is found. 2.3. Entity Extraction and Entity Linking [18]proposed a lexicon-based joint Entity Extraction and Entity Linking approach, where n-grams from tweets are mapped to DBpedia entities. A pre-processing stage cleans and classifies the part-of-speech tags, and normalises the initial tweets converting alphabetic, numeric, and symbolic Unicode characters to ASCII equivalents. Tokenisation is performed on non-characters except special characters joining compound words. The resulting list of tokens is fed into a shingle filter to construct token n-grams from the token stream. In the candidate mapping component, a gazetteer is used to map each token that is compiled from DBpedia redirect labels, disambiguation labels and entities labels that is linked to their own DBpedia entities. All labels are lowercase indexed and linked by exact matches only to the list of candidate entities in the form of tokens. The researcher used a method of prioritizing longer tokens than shorter ones to remove possible overlaps of tokens. For each entity ca ndidate, it considers both local and context-related features via a pipeline of analysis scorers. Examples of local features included are string distance between the candidate labels and the n-gram, the origin of the label, its DBpedia type, the candidates link graph popularity, the level of uncertainty of the token, and the surface form that matches best. On the other hand, the relation between a candidate entity and other candidates with a given context is accessed by the context-related features. Examples of mentioned context-related features are direct links to other context candidates in the DBpedia link graph, co-occurrence of other tokens surface forms in the corresponding Wikipedia article of the candidate under consideration, co-references in Wikipedia article, and further graph based feature of the link graph induced by all candidates of the context graph which includes graph distance measurements, connected component analysis, or centrality and density observations. Besid es that, the candidates are sorted per their confidence score based on how an entity describes a mention. If the confidence score is lower than the threshold chosen, a NIL referent is annotated. [19] proposed a lexical based and n-grams features to look up resources in DBpedia. The role of the entity type was assigned by a Conditional Random Forest (CRF) classifier, that is specifically trained using DBpedia related feature (local features), word embedding (contextual features), temporal popularity knowledge of an entity extracted from Wikipedia page view data, string similarity measures to measure the similarity between the title of the entity and the mention (string distance), and linguistic features, with additional pruning stage to increase the precision of Entity Linking. The whole process of the system is split into five stages: pre-processing, mention candidate generation, mention detection and disambiguation (candidate selection), NIL detection and entity mention typing prediction. In the pre-processing stage, tweet tokenisation and part-of-speech tags were used based on ARK Twitter Part-of-Speech Tagger, together with the tweet timestamps extracted from tweet ID. Th e researchers used an in-house mention-entity dictionary of acronyms. This dictionary computes the n-grams (n [20] research paper proposed an entity linking technique to link named entity mentions appearing in Web text with their corresponding entities in a knowledge base. The solution mentioned is by employing a knowledge base. Due to the vast knowledge shared among communities and the development of information extraction techniques, the existence of automated large scale knowledge bases has been ensured. Thus, this rich information about the worlds entities, their relationships, and their semantic classes which are all possibly populated into a knowledge base, the method of relation extraction techniques is vital to obtain those web data that promotes discovery of useful relationships between entities extracted from text and their extracted relation. Once possible way is to map those entities extracted and associated them to a knowledge base before it could be populated into a knowledge base. The goal of entity linking is to map ever textual entity mention m à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã‹â€  M to its corres ponding entry e à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã‹â€  E in the knowledge base. In some cases, when the entity mentioned in text does not have its corresponding entity record in the given knowledge base, a NIL referent is given to indicate a special label of un-linkable. It is mentioned in the paper that named entity recognition and entity linking o be jointly perform for both processes to strengthen one another. A method proposed in this paper is candidate entity generation. The objective of the entity linking system is to filter out irrelevant entities in the knowledge base that for each entity extracted. A list of candidates which might be the possible entities that the extracted entity is referring to is retrieved. The paper suggested three techniques to handle this goal such as name based dictionary techniques entity pages, redirect pages, disambiguation pages, bold phrases from the first paragraphs, and hyperlinks in Wikipedia articles. Another method proposed is the surface form expansion from the local document that consists of heuristics based methods and supervised learning methods, and methods based on search engine. In the context of candidate entity ranking method, five categories of methods are advised. The supervised ranking methods, unsupervised ranking methods, independent ranking methods, collective ranking methods and collaborative ranking methods. Lastly, the research paper mentioned ways to evaluate entity linking systems using precision, recall, F1-measure and accuracy. Despite all these methods used in the three main approaches is proposed to handle entity linking system, the paper clarified that it is still unclear which are the best techniques and systems. This is since different entity linking system react or perform differently according to datasets and domains. [21] proposed a new versatile algorithm based on multiple addictive regression trees called S-MART (Structured Multiple Additive Regression Trees) which emphasized on non-linear tree-based models and structured learning. The framework is a generalized Multiple Addictive Regression Trees (MART) but is adapted for structured learning. This proposed algorithm was tested on entity linking primarily focused on tweet entity linking. The evaluation of the algorithm is based on both IE and IR situations. It is shown that non-linear performs better than linear during IE. However, for the IR setting, the results are similar except for LambdaRank, a neural network based model. The adoption of polynomial kernel further improves the performance of entity linking by non-LINEAR SSVM. The paper proved that entity linking of tweets perform better using tree-based non-linear models rather than the alternative linear and non-linear methods in IE and IR driven evaluations. Based on the experiments condu cted, the S-MART framework outperforms the current up-to-date entity linking systems. 2.4. Entity Linking and Knowledge Base Based on [22], an approach to free text relation extraction was proposed. The system was trained to extract the entities from the text from existing large scale knowledge base in a cooperatively manner. Furthermore, it utilizes the learning of low-dimensional embedding of words, entities and relationships from a knowledge base with regards to score functions. Built upon the norm of employing weakly labelled text mention data but with a modified version which extract triples from the existing knowledge bases. Thus, by generalizing from knowledge base, it can learn the plausibility of new triples (h, r, t); h is the left-hand side entity (or head), the right-hand side entity (or tail) and r the relationship linking them, even though this specific triple does not exist. By using all knowledge base triples rather than training only on (mention, relationship), the precision on relation extraction was proved to be significantly improved. [1] presented a novel system for named entity linking over microblog posts by leveraging the linked nature of DBpedia as knowledge base and using graph centrality scoring as disambiguation methods to overcome polysemy and synonymy problems. The motivation for the authors to create this method is because linked entities tend to appear in the same tweets because tweets are topic specific and together with the assumption since tweets are topic specific, related entities tend to appear in the same tweet. Since the system is tackling noisy tweets acronyms handling and Hashtags in the process of entity linking were integrated. The system was compared with TAGME, a state-of-the-art system for named entity linking designed for short text. The results shown that it outperformed TAGME in Precision, Recall and F1 metrics with 68.3%, 70.8% and 69.5%. [23] presented an automated method to populate a Web-scale probabilistic knowledge base called Knowledge Vault (KV) that uses the combination of extractions from the Web such as text documents (TXT), HTML trees (DOM), Html tables (TBL), and Human Annotated pages (ANO). By using RDF triples (subject, predicate, object) with association to a confidence score that represents the probability that KV believes the triple is correct. In addition, all 4 extractors are merged together to form one system called FUSED-EX by constructing a feature vector for each extracted triple. Next, a binary classifier is applied to compute the formula. The advantages of using this fusion extractor is that it can learn the relative reliabilities of each system as well as creating a model of the reliabilities. The benefits of combining multiple extractors include 7% higher confidence triples and a high AUC score (the higher probability that a classifier will choose a randomly chosen positive instance to be ra nked) of 0.927. To overcome the unreliability of facts extracted from the Web, prior knowledge is used. In the domain of this paper, Freebase is used to fit the existing models. Two ways were proposed in the paper which are Path ranking algorithm with AUC scores of 0.884 and the Neural network model with a AUC score of 0.882. A fusion of both methods stated was conducted to increase performance with an increased AUC score of 0.911. With the evidence of the benefits of fusion quantitatively, the authors of the paper proposed another fusion of the prior methods and the extractors to gain additional performance boost. The result of the fusion is a generation of 271M high confidence facts with 33% new facts that are unavailable in Freebase. [24]proposed TremenRank, a graph based model to tackle the target entity disambiguation challenge, task of identifying target entities of the same domain. The motivation of this system is due to the challenges and unreliability of current methods that relies on knowledge resources, the shortness of the context which a target word occurs, and the large scale of the document collected. To overcome these challenges, first TremenRank was built upon the notion of collectively identity target entities in short texts. This reduces memory storage because the graph is constructed locally and is continuously scale-up linearly as per the number of target entities. This graph was created locally via inverted index technology. There are two types of indexes used: the document-to-word index and the word-to-document index. Next, the collection of documents (the shorts texts) are modelled as a multi-layer directed graph that holds various trust scores via propagation. This trust score provided an in dication of the possibility of a true mention in a short text. A series of experiments was conducted on TremenRank and the model is more superior than the current advanced methods with a difference of 24.8% increase in accuracy and 15.2% increase in F1. [25]introduced a probabilistic fusion system called SIGMAKB that integrates strong, high precision knowledge base and weaker, and nosier knowledge bases into a single monolithic knowledge base. The system uses the Consensus Maximization Fusion algorithm to validate, aggregate, and ensemble knowledge extracted from web-scale knowledge bases such as YAGO and NELL and 69 Knowledge Base Population. The algorithm combines multiple supervised classifiers (high-quality and clean KBs), motivated by distant supervision and unsupervised classifiers (noisy KBs) Using this algorithm, a probabilistic interpretation of the results from complementary and conflicting data values can be shown in a singular response to its user. Thus, using a consensus maximization component, the supervised and unsupervised data collected from the method stated above produces a final combined probability for each triple. The standardization of string named entities and alignment of different ontologies is done in the pre-processing stage. Project plan Semester 1 Task Start End Duration(days) Milestone Research: 23/03/2017 Twitter Call 27/02/2017 02/03/2017 4 Entity Recognition 27/02/2017 02/03/2017 4 Entity Extraction 02/03/2017 02/03/2017 7 Entity Linking 09/03/2017 16/03/2017 7 Knowledge Base Fusion 16/03/2017 23/03/2017 7 Proposal 27/02/2017 30/03/2017 30 30/03/2017 Crawling Twitter data using Public Stream API 31/03/2017 15/04/2017 15 15/04/2017 Collect Twitter data for training purp

Richard P. Feynman :: Physics Biography Biographies

Richard P. Feynman Early Life Richard was born on May 11th, 1918 in New York City, the first son of Melville and Lucille Feynman. He enjoyed science and mathematics from a early age, most of which he took it upon himself to learn before it was taught in school. His primary source for self-learning was the Encyclopedia Britannica and a lab that he set up in his room at home. In this lab he dabbled in electronics, whether it was repairing the radio or just making some circuits. In high school, Feynman was ahead in physics and mathematics, already a master of differential equations, trigonometry, and other high levels of calculus, but he was lacking in his other subjects, such as English and history. Feynman applied to many schools, but was turned down either because of his lacking social science grades, or because he was a Jew. Massachusetts Institute of Technology accepted him readily though, as one would expect being a top scientific school even then, and he set out to major in mathematics, though this changed several times. Feynman was not satisified by doing mathematics without an end purpose, and so he eventually ended up in the field of physics, more specifically interested in quantum physics. Richard received his BS from MIT in 1939, four years after entering college, and went on to receive his PhD at Princeton. World War 2 After college is when Feynman really started to shine in his field. In 1942 he was asked to join the team that developed the atomic bomb in Los Alamos and Princeton. At first, he said no to helping to create a weapon of such mass destruction... until he thought about how Hitler probably would have no qualms in making a atom bomb. Richard was key in developing safe means to separate various radioactive materials and also ways to test what amount of uranium would be needed to achieve critical mass that did not require large scale detonations. Major contributions to Physics After World War II, and a brief respite from doing research, Feynman resumed where he had left off before the war with quantum physics. He worked on several projects over the next few decades, achieving successes in most of them. He and another physicist worked together to test and prove their theory on "weak decay," about how it occurs, what are the results of it, etc. His largest gift was his diagrams that describe the way that particles act in a certain system and tells one how to express this movement in mathematics, thus through a simple diagram one could analyze complex atomic interactions.

Jamestown and Massachusetts Bay Essay

Both the colonies of Massachusetts Bay and Jamestown were different in that Massachusetts Bay consisted of mostly puritans; Massachusetts Bay was settled by Europeans. Both settlements struggled to survive at first. They both also encountered natives living there before they arrived. In Virginia there were the Native Americans and in Massachusetts Bay there was a large number of Puritans. Although there were many differences between the two colonies it comes to no surprise that they are very much so related, mostly in their hardships. Such as in Virginia there was disease, famine and continuing attacks of the neighboring Native Americans which took a tremendous toll on the population. Only sixty out of the original two hundred and fourteen settlers at Jamestown survived. While at the Massachusetts Bay, the settlers had their hardships too. The long, harsh winters, the unfertile soil, and the unfriendly relationship with the puritans surely made the population shrink. Both colonies struggled with finding nourishment. They survived mostly on the crops that they grew or wild berries and vegetables found in the wilderness. In the winter the crops soon started to die and there was nothing for the settlers to eat. This famine therefore, being the main cause of the population decrease. In the winter, the temperature would drop so low that if you didnt wear several coats of animal fur to keep you warm, you wouldnt stay alive. In Jamestown (Virginia) the settlers were being faced with the danger of the being under attack every day. The Native Americans did not take kindly to the settlers and found it an invasion of land. They were under the impression the settlers were only staying a short time, and would not take over the territory. The settlers had other plans however, to claim the land for King James. In summary, the colonies of Massachusetts Bay and Jamestown were alike in their hardships. Their population downfalls were also quite similar. They were different, in the people in which they had living in each colony, also the enemies that both colonies established. Jamestown and Massachusetts Bay  were great civilizations that started our society as a whole, where would we be without them? Sources http://www.nps.gov/jame/historyculture/jamestown-and-plymouth-compare-and-contrast.htm

Communication Is The Single Contingency Perspective

Over the course of the semester we have studied a wide range of subject matter including effective forms of communication, sexual assault, racism, face threats, and many other important concepts that one must to take in to account while attempting to understand how communication functions. Even though we have explored such a wide range of materials, three important concepts have remained relevant throughout the course of the semester. Those three concepts are the single, double, and triple contingency perspectives that we as communication scholars can use to evaluate how communication functions in society. These different ways of viewing communication help us to understand how communication is the building blocks for our social norms and†¦show more content†¦Either way the single contingency perspective puts all of the pressure on the sender to be able to properly formulate his or her ideas and effectively communicate those ideas to the receiver in order to achieve the desir ed outcome. The next perspective we used to gain a better understanding of how communication functions, is the double contingency perspective. This perspective is a step back from the single contingency perspective in the sense that instead of solely evaluating the sender the double contingency perspective also evaluates the receiver and takes into account the social, local, and cultural context of what is being said. What this means is the double contingency perspective looks at how other people and or the receiver might interpret the message being sent. For example, if you are talking to someone from a different cultural background and use a slang term they might not be able to understand the message you are sending them. Another example of how this perspective differs from the single contingency perspective is on the subject of self-disclosure. Some cultures believe that disclosing lots of personal information is a good way of building relationship while other cultures believe that it is not appropriate to disclose personal information